Transition from Smoking Drugs to Injectable Drugs: Causes and Consequences

Transition from First Drug Use to Regular Injection among People Who Inject Drugs in Iran

Background: The study aimed to evaluate the interval between first drug use and regular injection and factors associated with transition from first injection into premature regular injection among people who inject drugs (PWIDs).Methods: In a multicenter cross-sectional study, we recruited 400 PWIDs using snowball sampling. Age of first drug use, age of initiation of regular injection, and demo...

Drugs and Violence: Causes, Correlates, and Consequences, 103

Transition from Conventional Drugs to Promising

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), formerly known as primary biliary cirrhosis, is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by chronic, non-suppurative, destructive cholangitis that eventually leads to cholestasis, fibrosis, cirrhosis and subsequent hepatic failure and death if left untreated. The only available therapeutic agent for PBC is ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), which has been d...

Causes of Inadequate Response to Antihypertensive Drugs

Diuretic therapy, by producing a negative salt and water balance, eliminates the false tolerance to sympatholytic drugs that often occurs during long-term monotherapy. This tolerance results from salt and water retention produced by the drugs. Review of published results suggests a primacy for arterial pressure reduction in this fluid because suppressed renal sympathetic activity should facilit...

Metabolic consequences of antiepileptic drugs.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chemical properties of the widely used older generation antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) suggest that they might be responsible for a number of medical comorbidities. RECENT FINDINGS AEDs which induce the cytochrome P450 system adversely affect bone, lipid, and gonadal steroid metabolism. Specifically, phenytoin causes loss of bone mass in women, and both phenytoin and carbamazepi...